Eliakim was the son of Hilkiah and a high-ranking official in the court of King Josiah of Judah. He was appointed to replace Shebna as the chief steward or prime minister of the royal household and was given authority over the palace, including the treasury and armory.
Eliakim assisted King Josiah in the religious reform that sought to restore the worship of Yahweh, the God of Israel, and purify the Temple from the influence of foreign gods and practices. He played a key role in the commissioning of the prophet Jeremiah to write down the word of God and in the reading of the Book of the Law that led to the renewal of the covenant with God.
Eliakim was also involved in diplomatic affairs, serving as an envoy to foreign powers and negotiating treaties and alliances. He was praised by the prophet Isaiah in his prophecy concerning the future glory of Jerusalem, where he was described as a symbol of God's grace and favor towards his people.
After the death of King Josiah, Eliakim continued to hold his position under King Jehoiakim, but he later suffered a reversal of fortune when he was deposed and replaced by Shebna. This was seen as a punishment for his pride and arrogance, as he had adorned himself with costly garments and ostentatious titles, and had not put his trust in God.
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